Understanding and effectively managing melasma, a uniquely challenging form of discoloration
Hyperpigmentation is one of the most common concerns we care for at the office of Access Medspa Rejuvenate in Lanham, Maryland. This sign of aging and sun damage comes in many different forms. Similarly, treatments can vary depending on the type of discoloration that is present. Melasma represents one of the more stubborn forms of excess pigment or dark spots. Dr. Asongtia Ntonghawah and our team have successfully treated this challenging condition in partnership with our neighbors from Prince George’s, Montgomery, and Charles counties (and beyond).
Why is it called hyperpigmentation?
Pigment refers to the color of the skin. The skin color is mainly influenced by the amount and distribution of melanin present. “Hyper” in this context refers to an overabundance of this pigment. Examples of hyperpigmentation include “sunspots” or “age spots” (solar lentigines”; freckles, dark spots resulting from an injury (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation), and bigger, grayish-brown patches (melasma).
Why do I have persistent dark spots now?
Young children may have freckles. These small dots tend to darken in the summer and may be fleeting. As we get older, such dark spots tend to stick around due to the cumulative effects of UV exposure. In fact, it’s estimated that around 90% of skin aging is caused by UV light from the sun or tanning. Such damage to the skin can cause the melanocytes, the skin cells that produce melanin, to cluster together. When this happens, you may develop areas of the skin that are darker than the surrounding tissue. These spots commonly develop in sun-exposed areas, such as the face, shoulders, and arms.
What makes melasma different from other dark spots?
Melasma is distinctive in its appearance and potential causes or risk factors. Notably, melasma tends to appear gray-brown versus different shades of brown. Of course, how melasma appears also depends on your skin tone. On darker or melanin-rich skin tones, melasma may appear blueish. Instead of spots or dots, melasma tends to be more widespread – it can appear as blotches and patches. Melasma may even cover the better part of your cheek. While it is associated with UV/sun exposure, melasma is closely linked to fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone. In fact, 90% of sufferers are women! Pregnant women are at the greatest risk of developing melasma. This condition is believed to be caused by increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, and hormones that stimulate melanocytes during the third trimester. In fact, the term “chloasma” specifically refers to the occurrence of melasma in pregnant women.
How do you treat melasma?
First, treating any form of hyperpigmentation demands patience. Melasma is particularly stubborn. We may need to use a combination of products, medications, and therapies. It is also important to stick to any products that may be recommended. With time, you can even out your complexion and get sustained improvement in your skin’s radiance and overall quality.
Second, it is essential for Dr. Ntonghawah to evaluate your areas of concern closely. Dark spots and patches often resemble skin cancers. We need to rule out other conditions and determine the true nature of your hyperpigmentation. Then, we can make recommendations that are in the best long-term interests of your health and well-being.
Third, once we understand your skin and concerns, Dr. Ntonghawah may suggest laser or light-based therapies to break up the melanin contributing to your melasma and “age spots.” Chemical peels can help resurface the skin. As the damaged, spotty skin cells are sloughed away with our custom formulas, fresh and unblemished skin is revealed underneath. Medications and medical-grade topicals may be prescribed to fade melasma and prevent the formation of new melanin “clusters.”
Managing any hormonal changes as needed and using SPF 30+ sunscreen daily (reapply when sweating or in water) is also essential for sustained improvement. Sunscreen should be applied regardless of how cloudy or overcast the day may be. Sun avoidance and other protection measures (like UPF clothing) must also be practiced. Let’s get you on the right path to healthier, more radiant skin! Call (301) 830-8533 to schedule an appointment at the Access Medspa Rejuvenate office in Lanham, MD.
